Temporary Protected Status (TPS)
The American Immigration Council provides a Fact Sheet and other helpful resources on TPS, a temporary immigration status provided to nationals of certain designated countries experiencing problems such as armed conflict or an environmental disaster that put them at risk if they were to return. A useful summary of TPS can also be found on the NAFSA website.
USCIS also maintains a TPS webpage with the list of designated countries, and a detailed description of the application process.